| Sažetak | Island je otočna država koja se nalazi u sjevernom dijelu Atlantskog oceana, na samom rubu europskoga kontinenta ističući se specifičnom klimom, izvanrednom prirodom i prirodnim atrakcijama koju ju čine posebnom. Pošto obuhvaća oko dvjesto vulkana, često se naziva i vulkanskim otokom, a uz to posjeduje mnogo gejzira, ledenjaka i raznih geotermalnih izvora. Povijest Islanda seže u daleko 9.st. uz koje se vežu brojne priče o Vikinzima. U početku je društveni sustav bio sličan starogermanskom, gdje su se opći poslovi rješavali na mjesnim skupovima pod vodstvom najuglednijih ljudi. Oko 930. godine osnovana je savezna republika, ali bez izvršne vlasti, a 1262. godine vlast nad otokom je preuzeo norveški vladar. Kroz dugi niz godina Island je doživljavao uspone i padove zbog odnosa s Danskom. Godine 1851. bio je proglašen sastavnim djelom Danske, a pokret za osamostaljenje počeo je jačati nakon 1905. godine. Island je 1981. ostao vezan za Dansku samo personalnom unijom. Godina 1940. je ključna za Islanđane jer je tad Island proglašen neovisnim. Island u doslovnom prijevodu znači ledena zemlja, a smješten je na krajnjem sjeveru Europe. Geološki gledano, Island vrlo mlada zemlja koja se još nije do kraja razvila, odnosno to nije njen konačan izgled zbog toga što se na samom otoku, ali i u moru nalazi veliki broj vulkana. Reljefno gledano, Island se sastoji od tri regije. Uz obalu se pružaju nizine, a obalu čine brojni razvedeni zaljevi. Obalne nizine su uglavnom uske, osim u jugozapadnom dijelu otoka gdje je i najveća naseljenost. Od priobalne nizine, prema unutrašnjosti otoka, nalazi se nenaseljen ravnjak koji je pokriven slabim pašnjacima. Klima na Islandu je oceanska s hladnim ljetima i blagim zimama. Takva klima je zbog toga što se Island nalazi na dodiru polarnih i tropskih zračnih masa te zbog utjecaja Golfske i Grenlandske morske struje. Island broji 339 747 stanovnika, a u Reykjaviku živi većina, točnije njih oko 184 000. Osim Islanđana na Islandu žive Danci, Šveđani i Amerikanci. Službeni jezik je islandski, ali većina stanovnika zna još jedan strani jezik i to najčešće engleski. Island je zemlja koju krase uglavnom prirodne ljepote i atrakcije. Od veličanstvenih vodopada i gejzira, do famoznih ledenjaka, ali i čudesnih toplih rijeka, mističnih špilja i interesantnih vulkana. Sve je to ono što čini Island nevjerojatnom zemljom i privlači sve veći broj turista da vide i dožive prave prirodne ljepote. Turizam nije oduvijek bio glavna grana na Islandu, već je to bilo ribarstvo no danas turizam ima sve važniju ulogu. Svake godine sve više turista se odluči posjetiti Island zbog sadržaja koje ova zemlja nudi. Osnovu ponude čine prirodne ljepote, a uz to i zanimljive turističke ture koje Islanđani osmišljavaju kako bi ponudili nešto novo i drugačije. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Island is an island country located on the North Atlantic Ocean, on the edge of the European continent, highlighting the specific climate, exceptional nature and natural attractions that make it special. Since it contains about two hundred volcanoes, it is often referred to as the volcanic island, with its many geysers, glaciers and various geothermal springs. History of the island goes far beyond the 9th century. which is accompanied by numerous stories about the Vikings. Initially, the social system was similar to Old German, where general jobs were dealt with at local meetings led by the most prominent people. Around 930, the federal republic was established, but without executive power, and in 1262 the rule over Norway was taken over by the Norwegian ruler. Over the years, Island has experienced ascents and falls due to its relationship with Denmark. In 1851, it was proclaimed a constituent part of Denmark, and the independence movement began to strengthen after 1905. 1918 Island remained attached to Denmark only by personal union. The 1940s are crucial for Icelanders because the Island was declared independent. Island in literal translation means an ice land, located in the far north of Europe. Geologically speaking, Island is a very young country that has not developed yet, which is not its final appearance because there is a large number of volcanoes on the island but in the sea. Relatively speaking, the Island consists of three relief regions. Along the coast are stretches of land, and there are numerous indented bays on the shore. The lowlands are generally narrow, except in the southwestern part of the island where the largest population is. From the coastal lowlands, to the interior of the island, there is an uninhabited raving that is covered by weak pastures. The climate on Iceland is ocean with cold summers and mild winters. Such an air condition is because the island is in contact with polar and tropical air masses, and because of the influence of the Golf and Greenland sea currents. The population of Iceland is 339,747 inhabitants In Reykjavik, the majority live, or more precisely about 184,000. Apart from Island, the Danes, Swedes and Americans live in Iceland. The official language is Icelandic, but most people know another foreign language and most often English. Island is a country that is naturally rich in natural beauty and attractions. From magnificent waterfalls and gays, to famous glaciers, but also to the wonderful warm rivers, mystical caves and interesting volcanoes. It's all that makes Island an amazing country and attracts more and more tourists to see and experience the true natural beauty. Tourism has not always been the main branch of Iceland, but it was fishing, but today tourism has an increasingly important role. Every year more and more tourists decide to visit Island for the content that this country offers. The basis of the offer is natural beauty, as well as the interesting tours that Icelanders are creating to offer something new and different. |
